What is the Kadazandusun language
The Kadazandusun language
is a language that is spoken in the state of Sabah in the north of Borneo in Malaysia,
mostly by the indigenous race over there in which the people of the race are
called the Kadazans and the Dusuns (Simon). It is a member of the North Bornean
branch of the Malayo-Polynesian language family, also one of the Austronesian
language family. Kadazandusun refers to the form of language standardised by
the Kadazandusun Cultural Association of Sabah, which is based on the
Bundu-liwan dialect spoken in Bundu and Liwan, Sabah. The alphabets used in the
language and its tone is pretty much similar to English alphabets.
Simon, Ager.
"Kadazandusun language, alphabets and pronounciations." Omniglot: The online encyclopedia of writing
systems & languages. Omniglot. Web. 31 july 2013.
A brief beginnings of the Kadazandusun
According to my
online research (Herman, 2006), it is unclear from where the language
originated. There is a legend, and one is that the Kadazan language, and maybe
the Kadazan people, has its roots in the migration from the Southern China. Ancient
Sabahans spoke their languages and dialects without much bothering as to their
origins. Life in the valleys of north Borneo are mostly centered about the rice
plantations and the village communities. Kadazans mainly inhabited flat valleys
and deltas, an area where most are paddy field farms, however, the Dusuns
traditionally inhabited the hilly regions where they cultivated ‘hill rice’.
The first
Kadazandusuns to receive some form of school were the Papar, Kuala Penyu and
the Penampang Kadazans. In early 1880’s, education was interrupted during the
wars but resumed until the formation of Malaysia in 1963. Their schools were
known as the ‘Native Voluntary Schools’ and appealed to the local Kadazan and
Dusun because they opted to teach the rural folks initially through their local
Kadazan or Dusun language before gradually shifting to English in the third and
fourth year (Reid ,1997).
During the post-war
years, the Kadazandusun language underwent some acceptance in the mass media
usage; In 1953, Sabah’s first English newspaper ‘The Sabah Times’ had introduced
a Kadazandusun section, and this remains the largest Kadazandusun newspaper
section to this day. Since 1955, Radio Sabah followed suite, together with some
other local publications. For more than half a century the language improved
and developed more over the years due to its popularity.
After North Borneo
(Sabah) joined Malaya in 1963 to form Malaysia, the mother-tongue language went
into a great decline. Emphasis was now on the national language, Bahasa Malayu,
which is a language of the Malays. For the sake of social and economic development
as well as the integration into the fast-growing Malaysian culture,
Kadazandusun parents had begun to allow the use of the Malay language in the
home, hence not using the mother tongue language in the home.
In the early 1980’s,
there were many 'broken' Kadazan and Dusun songs that broke into the music
industry but had added further damage to the situation. Their fun and catchy
tunes influenced the generation back then against original mother-tongue used
by many Kadazandusun speakers themselves.
What has been done to conserve the language and its
problems
There some schools
that still teaches in the language itself, but only few; mainly in the rural
areas of Sabah (Herman, 2006). There are even books on the language that are
being sold today but those books are just phrasebooks four tourist and are in
limited supply. On the contrary, even though there are some communities that still
produce native speakers; they continue to speak their native tongue at home,
even amongst siblings, and in their community. But only few make are able to
speak the language.when they come into contact with other Kadazandusun, For
instance, in a wet market, the sellers there are mostly the older generations
of kadazandusun, hard for the youngsters to communicate to due to the language
barrier; and it is not always because their languages and dialects differ as in
most areas the Kadazandusun themselves like to view their language as
underappreciated. For them, parents are emphasizing the Malay language more than
their mother tongue on their children just so that they could have better
chances in life when it comes to being socially contact with any Malay speakers
out there.
Samples of greetings in the language
Kadazan
|
English translation
|
Oi/Halo
|
Hello
|
Kopivosian doid
diau
|
Hello to you
|
Kopivosian
doungusuvab
|
Good morning
|
Kopivosian
doungadau
|
Good afternoon
|
Kopivosian
minsosodop
|
Good evening
|
Kopivosian
doungotuvong
|
Good night
|
Kotobian Toun Vagu
|
Happy new year
|
Ingkuo no?
|
How are you?
|
Ingkuo no ngaavi?
|
How are things?
|
Miaga tomoimo
|
As usual
|
J. Disimon, Sylvester. A Pocket Trilingual Phrase Book:
English-Kadazan-Malay. 1st ed. Kota Kinabalu: A.D ENTERPRISE, 2007. 1-290.
Print.
Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6GbtNGzE0LE
